Personal Injury Protection (PIP) is a first-party benefit that pays for crash-related medical care and certain economic losses for you and your passengers regardless of fault. As of 2025, 12 states require no-fault\/PIP systems: Florida, Hawaii, Kansas, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, North Dakota, Pennsylvania, and Utah; three of these\u2014Kentucky, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania\u2014are \u201cchoice no-fault,\u201d allowing motorists to elect a tort option that changes lawsuit rights and how PIP applies (Insurance Information Institute<\/a>). The PIP limit or option you select determines how much is available: for example, Florida requires $10,000 PIP with set payment percentages (Florida Stat. \u00a7627.736<\/a>); New York includes $50,000 of Basic Economic Loss (NY DFS<\/a>); and Michigan lets drivers choose among PIP medical levels (unlimited, $500,000, $250,000, $50,000 for certain Medicaid enrollees, or opt-out with Medicare A&B) under its post-2020 reform (Michigan DIFS<\/a>). No state has added or repealed a no\u2011fault system since 2020; Florida\u2019s periodic repeal efforts have not been enacted as of 2025 (Florida Stat. \u00a7627.736<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Current no-fault states are: Florida, Hawaii, Kansas, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, North Dakota, Pennsylvania, and Utah (III<\/a>). Kentucky, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania are \u201cchoice no\u2011fault\u201d: you can elect a tort option (e.g., Full Tort vs. Limited Tort in PA) that affects whether and when you may sue for pain and suffering and how PIP\/first\u2011party benefits apply (true no-fault states<\/a>; see also Pennsylvania Insurance Department<\/a> and NJ DOBI Buyer\u2019s Guide<\/a>). Some at\u2011fault states require insurers to offer PIP that drivers may reject in writing (for example, Washington: Washington OIC<\/a>). Hover over blue states for more information about their unique no-fault laws. <\/p>\n\n\nNo-Fault States<\/h2>\n\n\n\n